Blowout preventers do not always function correctly. In effect, a riser extends the wellbore to the rig. Subsea BOPs are connected to the offshore rig above by a drilling riser that provides a continuous pathway for the drill string and fluids emanating from the wellbore. BOPs on offshore rigs are mounted below the rig deck. Land and subsea BOPs are secured to the top of the wellbore, known as the wellhead. Blowout preventers are used on land wells, offshore rigs, and subsea wells.
BOP stacks frequently utilize both types, typically with at least one annular BOP stacked above several ram BOPs. Two categories of blowout preventer are most prevalent: ram and annular. A typical subsea deepwater blowout preventer system includes components such as electrical and hydraulic lines, control pods, hydraulic accumulators, test valve, kill and choke lines and valves, riser joint, hydraulic connectors, and a support frame. The terms blowout preventer, blowout preventer stack and blowout preventer system are commonly used interchangeably and in a general manner to describe an assembly of several stacked blowout preventers of varying type and function, as well as auxiliary components. A blowout preventer may also simply be referred to by its type (e.g. ram preventer), is used to refer to a single blowout preventer unit. The abbreviated term preventer, usually prefaced by a type (e.g. The term BOP is used in oilfield vernacular to refer to blowout preventers. Blowout preventers are critical to the safety of crew, rig (the equipment system used to drill a wellbore) and environment, and to the monitoring and maintenance of well integrity thus blowout preventers are intended to provide fail-safety to the systems that include them. drill pipe and well casing), tools and drilling fluid from being blown out of the wellbore (also known as bore hole, the hole leading to the reservoir) when a blowout threatens. In addition to controlling the downhole (occurring in the drilled hole) pressure and the flow of oil and gas, blowout preventers are intended to prevent tubing (e.g. Kicks can lead to a potentially catastrophic event known as a blowout. They are usually installed in stacks of other valves.īlowout preventers were developed to cope with extreme erratic pressures and uncontrolled flow ( formation kick) emanating from a well reservoir during drilling. Patent Drawing of a Subsea BOP Stack (with legend)Ī blowout preventer ( BOP) (pronounced B-O-P, not "bop") is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device, used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas from a well.
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